Pyrex Glass

	Pyrex Storage 10-Piece Set, Clear with Blue Lids List Price: $19.99 Sale Price: $14.99 Average Rating:
	Transporting foods for lunches and picnics and storing leftovers for reheating is a cinch with the Pyrex Storage Plus set. Included in this set are two 2-cup rounds, one 3 1/2-cup rectangular, one 4-cup round, and one 6-cup rectangular storage piece, all glass, with plastic covers...

	Pyrex Storage 18-Piece Round Set List Price: $39.99 Sale Price: $19.98 Average Rating:
	Pyrex 18 piece storage set includes three 2 cup round storage containers with lids, two 7 cup round storage containers with lids, two 4 cup round storage containers with lids and two 1 cup round storage containers and lids

	Pyrex Prepware 2-Cup Measuring Cup, Clear with Red Measurements List Price: $20.94 Sale Price: $4.35 Average Rating:
	? 2-cup Measuring Cup with Red Graphics,? Can go directly from refrigerator or freezer to a microwave, convection, or preheated conventional oven. Non-porous glass, so it won t absorb food odors, food flavors or food stains...

	Sun's Tea (TM) Organic Black Display Tea Set w/ 21oz Borosilicate Glass Crystal Clear Teapot & Infuser (No Metal or Plastic Parts) List Price: $10.88 Sale Price: $29.99 Average Rating:
	The glass teapot with a handy, removable infuser and a lid, is an elegant and convenient tool to make various tea instantly. You just need to fill the infuser with loose tea, place the infuser into the pot then pour hot water on the leaves and watch the tea leaves 'dance' in the infuser...

	Mr. Heater F220330 Half-Frosted Pyrex Globe for Indoor Propane Gaslights List Price: $15.95 Sale Price: $15.95
	The glass globe replaces broken glass globes on the Mr. Heater indoor propane gas lights. Made of heat resistant glass. Fits Paulin gas lights

	The Glass Bloom Dildo Sale Price: $22.95 Average Rating:
	Bring a work of art into your sex play! Trinity Erotic Glass, handcrafted for your pleasure, makes an exquisite addition to any collection. Tempered glass is smooth, non-porous, hypoallergenic and easy to use with any lube...

	Don Wand Glass Pleasure Wand with Mushroom Tip, Red Sweetheart List Price: $33.00 Sale Price: $16.45 Average Rating:
	This highly decorated wand is for those who love hearts. The raised red hearts create a texture that increases stimulation. Show your love with a gift that can be enjoyed for years. The 1" diameter wand features a 1 1/2" diameter clear mushroom tip and is approximately 7" in length...

	Smooth Curves Glass Dildo Sale Price: $19.95
	Bring a work of art into your sex play! Trinity Erotic Glass, handcrafted for your pleasure, makes an exquisite addition to any collection. Tempered glass is smooth, non-porous, hypoallergenic and easy to use with any lube...

	DOUBLE FLARE RED PYREX GLASS TUNNELS GTDFRD3/4- 19MM(3/4") List Price: $758.25 Sale Price: $303.30
	DOUBLE FLARE RED PYREX GLASS TUNNELS. ALL GLASS MADE IN THE USA. AVAILABLE FROM 8G-1" PRICE DISPLAYED IS FOR SINGLE PIECES, ORDER QUANTITY 2 FOR A PAIR Plain packaging and discretion guaranteed!

	SINGLE FLARE PYREX GLASS CLEAR TUNNEL GTSF6 -6G (4MM) List Price: $28.44 Sale Price: $11.38
	PYREX GLASS CLEAR TUNNELS. AVAILABLE FROM 8G(3MM)-1"(25MM). MADE IN USA AND ARE FULLY AUTOCLAVABLE. PRICE DISPLAYED IS FOR SINGLE PIECES, ORDER QUANTITY 2 FOR A PAIR Plain packaging and discretion guaranteed!

	COLOR FRONT PYREX GLASS PLUGS GPLCFRB4 -4G (5MM) List Price: $28.70 Sale Price: $11.48
	COLOR FRONT PYREX PLUGS. AVAILABLE IN RUBY OR BLUE, SIZES 4G(5MM)-1"(25MM). ALL PYREX GLASS IS MADE IN THE USA. CLOSEOUTPlain packaging and discretion guaranteed!

	Borosilicate Test Tube - 18 mm x 150 mm, 27 mL Sale Price: $2.95
	Great test tubes @ a great price! Quality glass tubes withstand heavy use. A white enameled marking area is provided so you can label tubes.

	PYREX: The Unauthorized Collector's Guide (Schiffer Book for Collectors) List Price: $29.95 Sale Price: $18.78 Average Rating:
	More popular than ever, Corning's PYREX(r) is one of the most recognized and collected of vintage kitchen glass. Ovenware, FLAMEWARE, colorful later additions, laboratory glass, and more are presented in an organized format in this revised and expanded 4th edition...

	Pyrex by Corning: A Collector's Guide List Price: $31.95 Sale Price: $16.22 Average Rating:

	Recovery Head - Connecting Tube with Side Arm Sale Price: $19.85
	Borosilicate glass is a type of glass with the main glass-forming constituents silica and boron oxide. Borosilicate glasses are most well known for having very low coefficient of thermal expansion (~ 3 x 10-6 / C at 20oC), making them resistant to thermal shock, more so than any other common glass...

	Formula 420 Pyrex Glass Metal Ceramic Cleaner 12oz Sale Price: $6.99 Average Rating:
	The Original! The Formula that set the new standard for all cleaners. Formula 420® is the first to provide a 1 Minute Solution to the time consuming hassle of soaking and scrubbing that is associated with all other cleaners! Formula 420® is the Fastest, Easiest & Most Effectivce cleaner on the market...

	ALL NATURAL Formula 420 Pipe Cleaner - Cleans - Glass, Pyrex, Metal, Ceramic 16 Ounce Sale Price: $10.75 Average Rating:
	Made with 100% All Natural ingredients, we proudly introduce the latest addition Formula 420® Line - ALL NATURAL is the first of its kind! Of course, it ONLY takes 1 Minute to clean and deodorize your pipe...

PYREX $19.86 More popular than ever, Corning''s PYREX is one of the most recognized and collected of vintage kitchen glass. Ovenware, FLAMEWARE, colorful later additions, laboratory glass, and more are presented in an organized format in this revised and expanded 4th

Corning Pyrex Brand Glass Stopper for Iodine Flasks, Stopper #22 $24.81 Features of the Corning Pyrex Brand Glass Stopper: Pyrex brand 22 barrel-head stopper with long handle.

Pyrex 2-Quart Mixing Bowl $26.59 Pyrex glassware is a must have for any serious kitchen. Available in an array of functional shapes and sizes each individual piece can be used for baking cooking microwaving serving and storage.Features:Pyrex 2-1/2-quart Clear Mixing BowlShapes are nestable and stackableNon-porous glass wont absorb food flavors odors or stainsEasy to clean and dishwasher safe

Corningware-Pyrex 6001024 CLR 2-Qt Casserole with Glass Cover - Pack Of 2 $32.27 pyrex bakeware is durable transparent for easy monitoring of baking progress and provides good heat conduction for even consistent baking. there s no substitute for pyrex the original glass bakeware. pyrex 2-qt casserole with glass cover pyrex glass is safe in the oven microwave refrigerator freezer and dishwasher pyrex glass is non-porous so it won t absorb food odors food flavors or food stains clear glass allows you to watch your food as it cooks

Corningware-Pyrex 6001023 CLR Pyrex 1.5 Quart Casserole Dish with Glass Cover - Pack Of 2 $31.33 pyrex glassware is a must have for any serious kitchen. available in an array of functional shapes and sizes each individual piece can be used for baking cooking microwaving serving and storage. pyrex 1-1/2-quart clear casserole with glass cover pyrex glass is safe in the oven microwave refrigerator freezer and dishwasher pyrex glass is non-porous so it won t absorb food odors food flavors or food stains clear glass allows you to watch your food as it cooks

Pyrex 2-Cup Covered Baking Dish $7.95 PYREX glassware is non-porous glass, so it won't absorb food flavors, odors, or stains. : PYREX glassware is non-reactive, so acid-based recipes, including tomato-based sauces, lemon-infused dishes and vinegar-based poultry sauces can be prepped and baked without affecting the result of the recipe. : Made in America, PYREX glass products are microwave and dishwasher safe.

CORINGWARE-PYREX 6017400 BLU Pyrex 11 Cup rect. Case of 2 $29.25 classic functional and durable glass is non-porous it won t absorb food odors food flavors or food stains pyrex glass is safe in the oven microwave refrigerator and freezer. dishwasher safe

Corning Consumer #6001040 4QT Pyrex Oblong Dish $15.95 PYREX glassware is non-porous glass, so it won't absorb food flavors, odors, or stains. : PYREX glassware is non-reactive, so acid-based recipes, including tomato-based sauces, lemon-infused dishes and vinegar-based poultry sauces can be prepped and baked without affecting the result of the recipe. : Made in America, PYREX glass products are microwave and dishwasher safe.

Corning Consumer #6001023 1.5QT Pyrex Casserole $23.98 PYREX glassware is non-porous glass, so it won't absorb food flavors, odors, or stains. : PYREX glassware is non-reactive, so acid-based recipes, including tomato-based sauces, lemon-infused dishes and vinegar-based poultry sauces can be prepped and baked without affecting the result of the recipe. : Made in America, PYREX glass products are microwave and dishwasher safe.

CORINGWARE-PYREX 6017399 BLU 2 Cup Rd Bowl Case of 6 $39.42 plastic lids are great for storage in refrigerator or freezer pyrex glass is safe in the oven microwave refrigerator freezer and dishwasher pyrex glass is non-porous so it won t absorb food odors food flavors or food stains

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Borosilicate Glass -- A Brief History

From the laboratory standpoint, there are three main types of glass used today; borosilicate, quartz and soda lime or flint glass.

What is borosilicate glass, how is it different from other glasses, and why is it used so widely in laboratory research?

History

The formation of glass and glass products goes back to the beginnings of recorded history.

The invention of borosilicate glass is usually credited to Otto Schott, a renowned late 19th century German glassmaker. It was apparently first sold under the name "Duran" in Europe in 1893. In the United States, "Pyrex" became synonymous with borosilicate glass after Corning Glass Works inventor Joe Littleton introduced it to the English speaking world in 1915.

Though borosilicate glass was at first widely used for kitchen glassware, thermometer glass and railroad lanterns, there are now very few companies using it for that purpose, simply because it is more difficult to produce, and hence more expensive. And in the kitchen, the costs to the consumer more or less outweigh the benefits gained. There are, however, several small companies in the U.S. and abroad still offering colored borosilicate glass for the art glass market, and that market is still viable because of the durability and flexibility of borosilicate glass. It is also easy to work at low temperatures.

Because borosilicate glass melts at a higher temperature than other silicate glass, it was more complicated to bring into industrial production, and new techniques were required. New burners, using oxygen and natural gas, were developed. And for the most part, the manufacturing process has remained the same for the past 100 years or so. Borosilicate, because of its wide temperature range, strength and chemical  resistance, became "The Glass" for the laboratory.

The unofficial U.S. "capital" of glass blowing is Vineland, NJ. The reason Vineland got this distinction is very simple: The first production factory in the U.S. started just a few miles away in 1723. It was located there because of the proximity of necessary natural resources such as sand, seashells, and the evergreen trees of the New Jersey Pinelands. And of course, the subsequent proliferation of manufacturing firms and jobs in the area brought large numbers of glassblowers to the area, where they have remained throughout the years. The glassblowing techniques were handed down from grandfather to father to son.

Nowadays, very few glass companies actually "melt" borosilicate glass in the U.S.,  even in Vineland. Instead, virtually all area companies, such as Chemglass, Ace Glass, Wilmad-Lab Glass and Kimble-Kontes, are fabricators, purchasing "blanks" from large firms like Schott, Corning and Kavalier Glassworks and creating custom laboratory glassware such as round-bottom flasks, distillation apparatus, condensers, and much more.

Physical Characteristics

While "soft" glass is traditionally made from sand, sodium carbonate and calcium carbonate. Thus the name "soda lime". Boron is added to a much purer type silica sand in the manufacture of borosilicate glass. The composition of borosilicate glass is generally about 80%% silica, 10% boron oxide, 8% sodium oxide, 8% potassium oxide, and 1% aluminum oxide.

Borosilicate glass used in labware has a very low thermal expansion coefficient (32.5-33), which is about 1/3 that of "soft" glass. This reduces material stress caused by changes in temperature, and hence, the glass is more resistant to breakage. It is NOT invincible, though -- it will break or crack if dropped or otherwise impacted. Fortunately, it is much more likely to crack or snap rather than to shatter. It has a softening point (at which the glass may slump under its own weight) of 800°C is where glass blowers normally work it. The annealing point (the temperature at which residual strain or stress will relieve itself) at around 560°C.

Under "normal" laboratory conditions, borosilicate glass can withstand extended temperatures of around 230-240°C. For very short-term use, it will generally survive temperatures around 400°C. But the absolute maximum operating temperature for the formed glass is 450°C. Temperature changes from very hot to very cold should be also be avoided -- a maximum thermal shock differential of 160°C should be observed.

Borosilicate glass is very resistant to chemical corrosion, which makes it perfect for laboratory use. It can handle extremely volatile chemicals, and even nuclear waste! Everything has an Achillies heal and for borosilicate glass, it is flourines. Hydroflouric acid will etch borosilicate glass.

About the Author

Chuck Carney is Marketing Director at Ace Glass Incorporated, Vineland, NJ.